Dysplasia

Cell changes in the cervix, the cervix, the vagina, or the outer genital area (vulva) are referred to as dysplasias in gynecology. In most cases, they are harmless and regress spontaneously. However, pronounced dysplasias are considered precursors to cancer and must be treated. gynecology are referred to as dysplasias. They are usually harmless and regress on their own. However, pronounced dysplasias are considered cancer precursors. precursor to cancer and need to be treated. The main cause of dysplasias is the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is most commonly transmitted through sexual contact, but not always leading to cell disease. Since dysplasias usually cause no symptoms or complaints, the annual cancer screening is so important. cancer screening is so important.

In the early detection phase, the specialist has various measures at their disposal:

The cancer smear test (Pap test)

Dysplasias can be detected during preventive care with a cervical or vaginal smear (Pap test): using a special spatula, some mucosal cells are taken directly from the cervix. The smear takes a few seconds and is painless. If the Pap test is abnormal, further procedures are carried out to determine whether the cell changes need to be treated or whether regular monitoring by the gynecologist is initially sufficient.

The magnifying examination (colposcopy)

With the help of a special magnifying glass (colposcope), an accurate statement about the extent and nature of the dysplasia can be made. With this special instrument, it is possible to present the surface condition of the mucous membrane with up to 40 times magnification.

The tissue sampling (biopsy)

The biopsy is performed if the colposcopy has revealed an abnormal finding. During the procedure, a tissue sample approximately two millimeters in size is taken from the affected area. In the inner area, the procedure can be performed smoothly without anesthesia, while a biopsy in the area of ​​the external genitals is performed after local anesthesia. 7-10 working days after the biopsy has been performed, the results are available, and depending on the status, further treatment methods can be determined.

There may be slight bleeding during the biopsy. Therefore, 2-3 days after the procedure, patients should avoid the following: full baths, sauna, swimming pool, sexual intercourse, and the use of tampons.

Treatment of dysplasias

Whether treatment is necessary for dysplasia depends on the degree of cell changes. In the case of precancerous stages and very small, superficial tumors, an ambulatory conization performed under local anesthesia (optionally also under general anesthesia) can be used. In this process, a tissue cone is removed from the cervix using a scalpel, electrical loop, or laser.

Following the procedure, bleeding may occur in the next 7 days, but it is significantly less than a normal menstrual period. In cases of heavier bleeding, the doctor may insert a tamponade into the vagina, which is removed after 1-2 days. On the 8th to 9th day, the wound scab resolves, which carries the risk of renewed wound bleeding. Up to this point, physical rest is recommended.

Until complete wound healing, you should avoid bathing, swimming, having sexual intercourse, or using tampons for 3-4 weeks. The next doctor's visit is usually after 7 days if the healing process is uncomplicated. At this time, the result of the fine tissue examination should be available, and depending on the findings (e.g., a possible cancer) further action can be discussed.