© PMC

Blood and urine markers

Blood and urine markers

In modern medicine, blood and urine tests play a central role in the prevention, diagnosis, and monitoring of diseases. They enable the early detection of subtle changes in metabolism, hormone balance, the immune system, or organ functions—often before clinical symptoms appear. The analysis of so-called blood and urine markers provides valuable clues about existing or impending health disorders and serves as an effective early warning system.